Право на житло внутрішньо переміщених осіб

Abstract

Не так давно у сучасному українському суспільстві з’явилася нова соціальна верства – внутрішньо переміщені особи (ВПО). Її поява була зумовлена передусім анексією Автономної Республіки Крим, а також ескалацією російсько-українського конфлікту на території Донецької і Луганської областей. Наслідком цього в Україні стала поява проблеми ефективної реалізації прав вимушених переселенців, у тому числі одного з найголовніших прав: права на житло.

Recent years in the newest history of building up the state of Ukraine are the most dramatic for the country. The annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea by the authorities of the Russian Federation, as well as the escalation of the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine on the territory of Donetsk and Luhansk regions caused huge cataclysms of social, economic and political sphere. Ukrainians were forced to leave their homes in search of asylum. This caused an emergence of a new social stratum that was called “internally displaced persons” (IDPs). As a result of displacement of IDPs, they face a lot of of difficulties, for example, the difficulty of registering as internally displaced persons, the process of recovery of lost identity documents, freedom of movement, access to housing suitable for residence, protection of property rights, an extraction of livelihoods, exercise of voting rights, the process of finding long-term solutions and access to information. According to international law, protection, assistance and finding decisions for the IDPs are, first of all, the responsibility of the Government. Ukraine and its authorities were initially unprepared to solve these problems that have emerged in the country, because of crisis and failure of resolving the conflict. But despite this the Government of Ukraine has recognized its responsibility for the IDPs and now the country tries to execute its obligations, using various methods for it. But, unfortunately, in Ukraine appeared the problem of the effective realization of the rights of internally displaced people, including one of the most important right: the right to housing. A sharp increase of IDPs started in 2014 and grew in geometric progression. In this regard the problem of housing allocation by the state for internally displaced persons remains one of the most urgent, requiring an immediate solution. An ineffective implementation of regulations and their guarantees in practice, inaccuracy of IDPs in the process of housing distribution, an isolation of IDPs from other people, as well as the stigmatization and discrimination of migrants, lack of understanding by settlers the procedure for the allocation of housing require the search for effective solutions.