Право на невтручання в особисте і сімейне життя: деякі питання щодо його конституційного регулювання в Україні та європейських державах

Abstract

У статті досліджено зміст положень ст. 32 Конституції України та відповідних норм конституцій європейських держав, у яких закріплено право на невтручання в особисте і сімейне життя. Враховуючи багатоаспектність цього права в умовах розвитку різних сфер діяльності людини, деякі питання окресленої проблематики залишаються недостатньо дослідженими і потребують подальшого наукового осмислення. Обґрунтовано необхідність викладення зазначеної норми відповідно до міжнародних стандартів у сфері прав людини з метою усунення суперечностей між положеннями міжнародно-правових актів у сфері прав людини і національним законодавством України. The article examines the constitutional practice of regulatory of the right to non-interference in private and family life in Ukraine, enshrined in Art. 32 of the Constitution of Ukraine, and the corresponding norms of the constitutions of European states. There is a well-founded need to set out the specified norm in accordance with international standards in the field of human rights. It is noted that the right to non-interference in personal and family life occupies a special place among all the constitutional rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, which gives him the opportunity to feel independent from other people. Each person has the right to draw a line between himself and others, which cannot be crossed against his wishes. It is noted that the right to non-interference in personal and family life is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and other international human rights documents, as well as in the constitutions of most European states. It has been established that the basic laws of European states regulate this right in different ways. Thus, in the constitutions of Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Armenia, Greece, Spain, North Macedonia, Romania, Turkey, Croatia, the inviolability of personal and family life is singled out as a protected good; the constitutions of Andorra, Belgium, Estonia, Moldova, Monaco, Portugal, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Montenegro and Switzerland protect private and family life; in the constitutions of Lithuania and Poland – private, personal and family life; in the Constitution of Albania – private and personal life; in the constitutions of Georgia and Hungary – only private life, and in the constitutions of Latvia, the Netherlands, Slovenia and Finland – only private life. It is emphasized that in the theory of human rights there is no unity among scientists regarding the understanding of the term "personal life", which is quite common and is used to denote various relationships that arise between people. The provisions of Art. 32 of the Constitution of Ukraine to be laid out in accordance with international standards in the field of human rights to eliminate contradictions between the provisions of international legal acts and the national legislation of Ukraine.