Класифікація категорії права людини: аналіз існуючих та нові підходи

Abstract

Розглянуто існуючі в сучасній правничій науці підходи до класифікації категорії права людини. На основі їх аналізу уточнено підстави для видової диференціації досліджуваного поняття, а також обґрунтовано ряд нових підходів до поділу категорії «права людини» на основі таких критеріїв: 1) залежно від ступеня гарантованості прав людини з боку суспільства та держави; 2) залежно від простору (дійсності), в якому можуть бути реалізовані права людини.

The author has considered existing approaches to the classification of the human rights category in the current legal science. Based on their analysis she has clarified grounds for the specific differentiation of the concept under study, and a number of new approaches to the division of the category of "human rights" have been grounded on the basis of the following criteria: - regarding the degree of guarantee of human rights by the society and the state: 1) human rights with a sufficient degree of guarantee by the society and the state; 2) human rights without sufficient degree of guarantee by the society and the state. The proposed approach is considered to the division of the human rights category as a peculiar indicator of the effectiveness of the socio-legal mechanism for ensuring human rights which is not limited to legal means; -regarding the space (reality) in which human rights can be realized: 1) human rights that can be realized in the social space that is for us the social and legal reality; 2) human rights that can be realized in cyberspace. This approach to the classification of the concept of human rights may and not so relevant for the present, but it is perspective in terms of further development of human civilization. It opens up opportunities for the long-term modeling by parliaments of states of legally meaningful behavior of both individuals who are carriers of certain opportunities and their counterparties in the person of the carriers of correspondent rights to legal duties.