Армія vs жінки: питання гендерної рівності в деяких сучасних збройних силах світу

Abstract

Одним із дискусійних питань сьогодення є влив гендерної інтеграції на ефективність бойових (військових) операцій. Більшість держав для популяризації військової служби пропонують гнучкі умови працевлаштування і визнають, що весь персонал сучасної армії має рівні права на професійне вдосконалення, навчання, можливості просування по службі, а бажання створення сім’ї та народження дитини не повинно заважати кар’єрному розвитку.

One of the current discussed issues is the impact of gender mainstreaming on the role of women in the military, as well as the impact on the effectiveness of military operations with their participation. Women soldiers are persistently trying to prove their ability to provide world peace and security not only by providing medical services but also by taking part in direct military operations. Thus, the number of the Israel Defense Forces is approximately 176 thousand, 34% of them are women. In the modern US army, there are more than 200 thousand women, which is approximately 15% of the total personnel. In the Armed Forces of Ukraine, by the year 2018, 25,000 women soldiers are serving at various positions, which is 22.4% of the total number of military personnel of the Armed Forces. Service in the armed forces is connected with the fulfillment of the specific tasks of the resistance to external intervention and therefore requires appropriate physical, moral training and temperament, subordination to discipline, the core of which is the execution of orders related to a certain risk to life and significantly different from the work of a businessman, politician, public servant, salesman, tailor, and other activities. This article examines the attitudes towards female military personnel in different countries. The main reason for the existence of the issue of gender discrimination in the military sphere is the creation of special conditions for the service of female military personnel, the need for infrastructure modernization and the solution of some legal issues that arise during their service in the military. It should be noted that in clarifying the role of women in the military sphere, it is necessary to reconcile two contradictory statements: the rights of women and the rights of the military service members. Instead, gender discretion is appropriate in uniform and living conditions (separate barracks, dressing rooms and bathrooms). Most states offer flexible employment conditions to popularize military service and recognize that all modern military personnel have equal rights to professional development, training, career advancement, and the desire to create a family and the birth of a child should not interfere with career development.