Короткий опис(реферат):
У статті на основі аналізу основних доктринальних праць вітчизняних та зарубіжних
вчених у сфері міжнародного кримінального права досліджено концептуальні положення щодо
розуміння фізичної особи як суб’єкта міжнародного злочину та суб’єкта міжнародного права.
Проаналізовано природу та специфічні риси міжнародної правосуб’єктності індивіда, а також
основні причини віднесення індивіда до кола суб’єктів міжнародного права. Також обґрунтовано
те, що відповідальність фізичних осіб за міжнародні злочини найчастіше настає за умови, що їхні
злочинні дії пов’язані з реалізацією злочинної політики держави.
Суть розробки, основні результати:
In the article, the main doctrinal provisions for understanding an individual
as a subject of international crime and the subject of international law are investigated. Nature and
specific features of the international legal personality is analyzed, as well as the main reasons for
attributing an individual to a circle of subjects of international law. It is also grounded that the
responsibility of individuals for international crimes is most often provided that their criminal acts are
related to the implementation of the criminal policy of the state.
Attention is focused on the aspect that the official status of a person does not exempt it from
criminal liability. It is proved that, firstly, crimes against international law are committed by people, and
not abstract categories, and only by punishing individuals who committed such crimes, the norms of
international law may be accomplished, this provision directly substantiates the presence and necessity of
individual responsibility of physical persons; secondly, the principle of international law, which in some
cases protects the representative of the state, can not be applied to actions that are condemned as criminal
international law (this principle is reflected in the statutes of the International Tribunal for the former
Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, as well as In the Roman Statute of the
International Criminal Court). It is concluded that absurds are attempts to justify the attraction of «nonsubject» of the right to legal responsibility. If an individual should not recognize the subject of
international law, it will be an absurd that an individual is a subject of an international crime.
It is concluded that an individual is a subject of international law, an international crime ad
responsibility on the basis of the norms of international criminal law. The international legal personality
of the individual follows: the rights and responsibilities of individuals are fixed in a number of universal
international legal acts; the legal status of individual categories of individuals is determined in detail in a
number of international acts; an individual has the right to appeal to international judicial authorities to
protect their rights; International crimes are committed by people, not abstract categories.
