Abstract:
Висвітлено актуальні проблеми кваліфікуючих ознак самовільного залишення військової
частини або місця служби (ст. 407 Кримінального кодексу України – далі КК України) як
змістовного елементу кримінально-правової характеристики злочинів проти встановленого
порядку несення або проходження військової служби. Визначено кваліфікуючі ознаки злочину та
його особливості. На підставі аналізу чинного законодавства України акцентовано на визначенні
доцільності застосування обтяжуючих обставин до деяких частин злочину. Детально вивчено
кваліфікуючу ознаку вчинення злочину в умовах особливого періоду, зокрема як таку, що
становить собою обставину, яка обтяжує покарання. Наголошено на необхідності вдосконалення
законодавства в частині визначення деяких конструкцій. The Institute of Criminal and Legal Characteristics, in particular with regard to the
voluntary abandonment of a military unit or place of service, investigates and determines the following
issues raised before it, namely, objective and subjective features of the composition of the crime, the issue of
criminal responsibility, and the specifics of the subject of the criminal offense. In addition, in its content, the
criminal law characteristic examines the qualifying features as an integral part of the component. In this way,
this scientific work highlights the actual problems of the qualifying signs of voluntary abandonment of a
military unit or place of service (Article 407 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine – hereinafter the Criminal
Code of Ukraine), as a substantive element of the criminal-legal characterization of crimes against the
established order of military service. Qualifying features of the crime and its features are determined. Based
on the analysis of the current legislation of Ukraine, attention is focused on determining the expediency of
applying aggravating circumstances to some parts of the crime. At the same time, based on the results of the
study, the positions of leading legal scholars were analyzed on the issues of determining the qualifying signs
of voluntarily leaving a military unit or place of service. An exclusive list of qualifying features, such as
those regulated in separate parts of the corresponding article, is provided.
Definitions of the main concepts contained in the structure of qualifying features, namely «special
period», «martial law» and «combat situation», in particular the place of consolidation of the latter at the
legislative level and in the light of criminal law, are given. The opinions of scientists regarding the
interpretation of certain concepts and the application of the latter in the criminal-legal characteristics of the
voluntary abandonment of a military unit or place of service through the prism of scientific research are
presented. The qualifying feature of committing a crime in the conditions of a special period is studied in
detail, in particular as a circumstance that aggravates the punishment. The need to improve the legislation
regarding the definition of some constructions is emphasized.
