Abstract:
Досліджено позиції вчених, а також положення чинного законодавства України та
Республіки Польща в частині визначення кримінально-правових норм, що передбачають
відповідальність за перевищення влади або службових повноважень працівником
правоохоронного органу. Визначено спільні та відмінні ознаки теоретичних підходів учених до
визначення поняття «службова особа». Наголошено на розбіжностях щодо законодавчого
закріплення термінів «працівник правоохоронного органу» та «службова особа органу,
призначеного для охорони громадської безпеки», а також їх визначень у теорії кримінального права. На підставі аналізу чинного польського законодавства, а також позицій доктрини
вітчизняного кримінального права сформульовано можливі варіанти запозичення іноземного
досвіду для вирішення визначених проблем. Scientists positions, as well as the provisions of the current legislation Ukraine and the Republic of
Poland concerning the definition of the criminal law provisions for liability for exceeding power or
official authority by a law enforcement officer.
Common and distinctive features of the scientists theoretical approaches to definition of the
official person . Emphasis is made on the relevant differences regarding the legislative enacment of the
concept of employee of the law enforcement body and official person of the body intended for the
protection of public safety and its definition in the criminal law theory.
Doctrinal approaches of scientists from the Republic of Poland to understanding the content of
the official person concept, as well as the peculiarities of cognition of phenomenon as a legal, social,
economic and moral category, exceeding power or official authority of which damages normal
functioning of ethical and legal relations in society and the state are analyzed.
Compared to the domestic legal system, attention is drawn to the not unanimity of the way of
legislative enactment of the status of official of the body appointed to protect public safety that form
such a category as official person . This not only points to excellent forms of regulatory fixation of the
phenomenon concept, but it also causes complexity in exchange of law enforcement practices, causing a
number of problems as for the relevant law enforcement and also ordinary citizens.
Link that appears between the norms of of the criminal law of the Republic of Poland regarding
the prevention of official crime, as well as the norms of international law in counteracting corruption has
been established. The provisions of a number of Polish laws on liability for crimes in the field of official
activity are analyzed.
The inconsistencies of enacted positions of the Ukrainian and Polish legal acts, which determine
the list of persons granted the status of an official person.
It s proved that not all of the approaches pointed out by Polish scientists or being reflected in
legislation are borrowable. Indisputably, it remains necessary to take into account specifics of not only
domestic legal customs, but also features of state administration, functioning of branches of the national
economy, development of social relations in conditions of introduction of martial law.
Possible options of borrowing foreign experience for solving certain problems have been
formulated on the basis of the analysis of the current Polish legislation and the positions of the doctrine of
national criminal law.
