Abstract:
Розглянуто основні чинники, які стали причиною здійснення владою кроків на шляху до фундаментальних змін у цивільному процесуальному законодавстві Російської імперії. Цивільне судочинство завдяки реформі 1864 року відокремлювалось від кримінального. Також висвітлюється структура Статуту цивільного судочинства (загальні положення, чотири книги, які налічували 1460 статей). Проаналізовано розбіжності в питанні впровадження Статуту (одночасне або поетапне введення в дію). Розкривається питання розповсюдження сили закону на території українських губерній (1868 року в Харкові вперше на українських землях Статут набув чинності, а згодом на Півдні та Правобережній Україні).
Description:
The article deals with the main factors that caused the authorities to take the steps of fundamental changes in the civil procedural legislation of the Russian Empire. It has been pointed out that in the 1840s, Nicolas I paid attention to the problems, and in 1848 issued a resolution demanding the creation of a special institution for drafting amendments to the legislation. The study highlights the process of drafting and preparing project of the law. It is noted that the French experience (Code of 1806), as well as the achievements of Austria and Prussia in the field of civil process, were used in the drafting of the Statute, which at that time scientists critically and analytically worked on foreign regulations. It is stated that the authorities rejected the idea of changing the existing system of civil procedural legislation and decided to implement a radical reform. It is said that the experts identified and grouped the major shortcomings that led to the unsatisfactory state of civil proceedings (25 points in total), and highlighted the main progressive and necessary provisions that were included in the new Civil Procedure Statute (competitive nature of the process, publicity streamlining the effective vertical of the courts, introducing the concept of a jury). Due to the reform of 1864, civil justice was separated from criminal justice. The structure of the Statute of Civil Procedure (general provisions, four books, totaling 1460 articles) is also covered. The article deals with the differences in the implementation of the Charter (simultaneous or phased implementation). The question of the extension of the force of law in the territory of the Ukrainian provinces is raised (in 1868 the Charter came into force in Kharkiv for the first time in Ukrainian lands and later in the South and Right-Bank Ukraine).
