Оцінка на предмет допустимості як доказів матеріалів фотозйомки, звуко- відеозапису події злочину

Abstract

Досліджено положення кримінального процесуального, кримінального, цивільного законодавства та інших джерел щодо можливості використання у кримінальному провадженні матеріалів фотозйомки, звукозапису, відеозапису події злочину. Розглянуто окремі аспекти допустимості, належності, достовірності, достатності та законності отримання такого виду доказів під час досудового розслідування. Проведено порівняльний аналіз можливості використання даних доказів у різних галузях чинного законодавства.

В статье уделяется внимание исследованию положений уголовного процессуального, уголовного, гражданского законодательства и других источников относительно возможности использования в уголовном производстве материалов фотосъемки, звукозаписи, видеозаписи факта преступления. Рассматриваются критерии допустимости таких доказательств, в зависимости от ситуации. Проводится сравнительный анализ возможности использования данных видов доказательств в разных отраслях действующего законодательства.

The article states that the materials photography and video crime play a significant role in the proof in the course of investigation of the criminal proceedings. There are different ways of access to photography and video, which contain important information, namely by contacting the investigating judge with a request for temporary access to goods and documents through a search to eliminate these materials, through the adoption of such materials investigator, prosecutor, investigating judge in support of his statements of victims and witnesses. There is a possibility of obtaining material photography and video and other media through covert investigative (detective) action. The article notes that the argument position of a party proceedings evidence must be produced in compliance with the rules of criminal procedure law of Ukraine, the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On operative-investigative activities", without substantial violation of the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution and other laws of Ukraine, international treaties ratified by the VerkhovnaRada of Ukraine. We consider some aspects of admissibility, relevance, reliability, adequacy and legality of obtaining this type of evidence during the preliminary investigation. There is comparative analysis of the possibility of using evidence in these various fields applicable law. We study thethey can be considered evidence, but under certain conditions. In evaluating in terms of admissibility of evidence as evidence containing information about the crime or preparation for it, consider the initiative or the random nature of actions, their purpose and determination in stating these data. If action yielded by concerted action using the search operations, these results are not considered acceptable. It is noted that cannot be recognized as acceptable evidence obtained by shooting a hidden camera in public places inaccessible without consent. Legislator quite strongly related to invasion of privacy and an obstacle to the use in criminal proceedings material obtained hidden camera, even without consent. However, materials hidden camera can be recognized only by proof conditions of operational activities in compliance with the Law of Ukraine "On operative-search activities," Criminal Procedure Code, the Constitution of Ukraine and others. To recognize materials photography, sound recording such as meeting the requirements of admissibility, must follow certain rules to provide such material pre-trial investigation authorities, court and comply with procedural requirements.