Abstract:
У статті розкрито сутність екстремальних ситуацій у діяльності правоохоронців, визначено
стресогенні фактори, пов’язані з необхідністю виконання службового обов’язку у позаштатних,
швидко мінливих і важко прогнозованих ситуаціях. Виявлено детермінанти деструктивних
психічних станів, що негативно впливають на несення служби працівниками Національної поліції.
Показано, що поведінка особистості в екстремальній ситуації залежить від рівня її стресостійкості
та адаптаційних реакцій. Окреслена проблема посттравматичного стресового розладу, який є
небезпечним проявом психічних порушень в умовах сьогодення.
Description:
The article reveals the essence of extreme situations in the
activities of law enforcement, identifies stressors related to the need to perform official duties in
freelance, rapidly changing and difficult to predict situations. Determinants of destructive mental states
that negatively affect the service of the National Police have been identified. The behavior of a person in
an extreme situation depends on the level of his stress resistance and adaptive reactions. Strong stressors
of a psychological nature cause the development of an emotional stress and serious diseases further on.
However, predisposition to stress depends on the individual’s attitude to the stresogenic situation,
attitudes and motives, and therefore two types of stress are distinguished – physiological and
psychological stress.
In conditions of intense activity, law enforcement officers experience states of mental
maladaptation of various degrees of severity. The empirical studies proved the fact that individual and
personal characteristics of employees, the degree of preparedness for actions in emergencies, work
experience and age category have a significant impact on the nature of disorders.
The essence and effect of adaptation reactions are of particular importance in nowadays
conditions, because it is relevant not only to law enforcement officers, but also to military people and
refugees. Usually, they are not as powerful as stressful, but there can occur depressive reactions and other
emotional disorders.
The issue of traumatic stress and its main symptoms is singled out; the phases of psychological
reactions to trauma are indicated.
Prevention and correction of stressful states in extreme circumstances will be considered as one of
the key ways to keep the working capacity of the National Police, increase their mental stability and
balance.
