Abstract:
Той історичний відрізок часу, який настав у нашій країні після скасування у 1861 р.
кріпосного права та здійснення інших реформ 60-70-х років ХІХ століття, деякі економісти цілком
справедливо називають «епохою вільного підприємництва». У результаті реформ після 1861 року
не лише остаточно утвердилися ринкові відносини в усіх сферах суспільного життя, але і
з’явилися нові, більш досконалі форми кредитування дрібних сільськогосподарських
товаровиробників з числа непривілейованих станів. Саме такими були ощадно-позичкові
товариства, які починаючи з 60-х років ХІХ століття стали відігравати певну роль у кредитуванні
мешканців українського села. Вони були досить поширеним явищем економічного життя України
«епохи вільного підприємництва», фінансовими ресурсами яких користувалися сотні тисяч селян і
міщан, що дає підстави для висновку про доцільність відновлення їх функціонування в сучасних
українських реаліях.
Description:
The historical period that came
to our country after the abolition of serfdom in 1861 and the implementation of other reforms of the
60-70s of the XIX century, some economists rightly call the «era of free enterprise». As a result of the
reforms after 1861, not only market relations in all spheres of public life were finally established, but
new, more advanced forms of lending to small agricultural producers from among the underprivileged appeared. Such were the savings and loan associations, which from the 60s of the XIX century began to
play a role in lending to residents of Ukrainian villages. The study of the historical experience of the
functioning of such societies is not only purely scientific but also practical for the current state of the
agricultural sector of Ukraine’s economy, because the need for available credit resources has not
disappeared. By their nature, savings and loan associations, the basic principles of which were once
substantiated by the famous German cooperator of the mid-nineteenth century Hermann SchulzeDelitzsch, were public organizations, where the principle of voluntariness in their creation was strictly
adhered to. On the territory of Dnieper Ukraine, the principles of operation were regulated by the «Model
Statute of the Savings and Loan Society». Since the publication in 1871 of this statute throughout the
empire, including its Ukrainian lands, the number of such societies has grown steadily, reaching in 1910
360 organizations. As of January 1, 1915, the Savings and Loan Societies of only one, Poltava Province,
issued 37,442 loans totaling 32,172,212 rubles. the fact that such a loan is important for agricultural
producers of Poltava region speaks for itself. Of the total loan amount mentioned above, 26 % of the
funds received were spent on the purchase of working cattle; 14% – for the purchase of land; 5.6 % – land
lease; 11 % – handicrafts. Thus, loans in such companies were used mainly for economic needs with not
so significant interest rates on loans, which ranged from 8-10 %, while the interest of rural moneylenders
on loans was never less than 15 %, and sometimes even reached astronomical 100 %.
Thus, such small loans as savings and loan companies were quite common in the economic life of
Ukraine «era of free enterprise», the financial resources of which were used by hundreds of thousands of
peasants and burghers, which gives grounds to conclude that the restoration of their functioning in
modern Ukrainian realities.
