Abstract:
Наведено особливості правового регулювання службово-трудових відносин працівників
міліції УСРР у 20-х роках ХХ ст. Початковою базою дослідження стали законодавчі і підзаконні
акти, що були чинними у 1920-х роках, архівні документи. Визначено специфіку прийому на
службу до міліції, проходження і звільнення зі служби. Наголошено, що службово-трудові
відносини працівників міліції регулювалися нормами різних галузей законодавства: військового,
трудового або спеціальними нормативно-правовими актами, які визначали правовий статус
працівників міліції. Норми різних законодавчих актів доволі часто суперечили одна одній.
Description:
The scientific article is devoted to the peculiarities of the
legal regulation of labor relations of police officers in the USSR in the 1920s. The laws and regulations in
force in the 1920s, archival documents were the source of research. The works of Soviet and modern
scientists about the Soviet Ukrainian police activities in this historical period were studied. The
requirements for candidates for police service were established. The specifics of recruitment, passage, and
dismissal from the police of the USSR were determined.
Candidates for police service were required to exercise their right to vote, reach the age of 21,
have an educational level, knowledge of state and minority languages, and health. The recruitment of
previously convicted persons and citizens deprived of the right to vote to the police was limited.
Recruitment to the police could be carried out either by local police departments or by departments of
local labor councils.
It was established that the conditions of service in the police were regulated by the Rules of
Service in the Workers’ and Peasants’ Police and Criminal Investigation of the USSR in 1923 and the
Model Collective Agreement between the NKVD Main Directorate of the USSR and the Commissioner
of the Union of Soviet Administrative Workers in Ukraine in 1924. The norms of the collective
agreement met the requirements of the Labor Code of the USSR of 1922. From the second half of the
1920s, the labor relations of Soviet policemen were regulated by labor legislation, with certain exceptions
due to the specifics of service in the police.
It is concluded that the employment relations of police officers in the 20s of the twentieth
century were regulated by the rules of various branches of law: military, labor, or special regulations that
determine the legal status of police officers. The norms of various legislative acts often contradicted each
other.
