Abstract:
Проаналізовано наукові підходи до характеристики джерел права як юридичної категорії. Визначено причини багатоаспектності підходів, залежність джерел права від праворозуміння. Досліджено підходи до розуміння джерел права. Розкрито значення поняття в матеріальному, ідеологічному та формальному (юридичному) розумінні. Проаналізовано легітимаційний, матеріальний, соціальний та ідеальний зміст терміна «джерело права». На підставі аналізу наявних в науковій літературі визначень та підходів до обраної проблематики, автори приєднуються до позиції, висловленої в літературі, що на розуміння категорії джерела права, його форми безпосередньо впливає концепція праворозуміння.
Description:
The article analyzes scientific approaches to the characterization of sources of law as a legal category. The reasons of multifaceted approaches, dependence of sources of law on legal understanding are defined. Approaches to understanding the sources of law are studied. The meaning of the concept in the material, ideological and formal (legal) sense is revealed. It is determined that in the system of categories of the theory of law the concept of «sources of law» performs a dual function. Thus, on the one hand, it allows
distinguishing sources of law from other social regulators. Any legal system determines in its doctrine and legislation which sources (forms) of law are recognized as valid. On the other hand, this concept reveals the place of a source of law in the system of sources of law, the ratio of its legal force with the legal force of other sources of law. It is stated that the source of law cannot be defined as a way of external expression of legal norms, which are objectified in a certain form, because the «source of law» means the origins of law. It is pointed out that differences in the interpretation of sources of law can be explained by different approaches to legal understanding. So, for example, if the legal understanding is based on the normative approach, then the sources of law mean the will of the legislator or law-making activities of the state, and in the natural-legal approach, the sources of law are considered the principles of law, which should be followed by positive law. The source of law may not have forms, such as common sense or theoretical thinking, which can be considered full-fledged sources of law that form the meanings of law, although they are not forms of existence of law. It is concluded that the source of law, and not any other legal category, opens for the subject of lawmaking, determines the need for their use in the regulation of social relations. From the source of law, the subject of law enforcement derives the content of the legal norm, regardless of its recognition by the state, regardless of whether the sources of law are binding or only convincing value. The source of the law itself can be the basis for the decision of the subject of law enforcement. The legitimation, material, social and ideal meaning of the term «source of law» is analyzed. Based on the analysis of definitions and approaches to the chosen issues presented in the scientific literature, the authors agree with the position expressed in the literature that the understanding of the category of source of law, its form is directly influenced by the concept of legal understanding shared by researchers.
