Abstract:
Наведено результати дослідження особливостей статусу учасників процесу в цивільному судочинстві в українській козацькій державі, а також основні групи доказів, які використовувались в українських судах у відповідності до тогочасних джерел права, які містили процесуальні норми та використовувались судами. Зазначається, що внаслідок історичної політичної ситуації, що склалась в Гетьманщині, на її землях застосовувались джерела польського та литовського права (наприклад, Литовські статути), акти гетьманської влади, російське законодавство, й традиційно тривалий час домінувало звичаєве право, козацьке звичаєве право. Розглядаються характерні риси цивільного процесу, що розпочинався за усним або письмовим зверненням, сторонами могли бути чоловіки з 18 р. та жінки з 14 р. У Гетьманщині існував інститут представництва сторони як захисника та адвоката, також представником сторони могли бути батьки або родичі.
Description:
The study deals with the peculiarities of the status of participants in civil proceedings in the Ukrainian Cossack state, as well as the main groups of evidence used in Ukrainian courts in accordance with contemporary sources of law, which contained procedural rules and were used by courts. It is noted that due to the historical political situation in the Hetmanate, sources of Polish and Lithuanian law (for example, Lithuanian statutes), hetman's powers, Russian law were used on its lands, and traditionally for a long time
customary law, Cossack customary law. Characteristic features of the civil process, which began orally or in writing, were considered. The parties could be men from 18 and women from 14. In the Hetmanate there was an institution of representation of the party as a defender and lawyer, as well as parents or relatives. It is stated that procedural legal capacity did not extend to slaves, persons deprived of honor, excommunicated, exiles, and procedural legal capacity was not possessed by children, mentally ill, deaf or dumb, women who did not have a husband or guardian, and minors (men up to 18 years and women up to 14 years). The norms of the Lithuanian Statute of 1588 concerning the status of the party's representative, his role in the process, the grounds on which a person could not become a party's representative (court employee, clergyman's representative) are revealed. The main groups of evidence are covered, namely the personal testimony of the parties (in which the testimony of a person who had a higher legal status than the other party in court was considered more reliable), the testimony of witnesses, the conditions under which a person cannot be a witness, categories of witnesses ordinary and official), features of the use of religious oath as evidence, the involvement of written documents.
