Шлюб: ретроспективний огляд та перспективи

Abstract

Досліджено еволюцію шлюбних відносин та спробі прогнозу подальшого розвитку зазначеної інституції. Здійснено ретроспективний аналіз шлюбу як інституту суспільства з використанням історичного методу пізнання. Встановлено, що первинною формою досліджуваних відносин був проміскуїтет, тобто неврегульовані хаотичні стосунки, які ґрунтувалися лише на інстинктах. Подальший розвиток інституту шлюбу прямо залежав від економічного розвитку соціуму (полігамії, поліандрії) та релігійних переконань. Тепер шлюб не є стійким союзом чоловіка та жінки як остаточний вибір на все життя для створення сім’ї, народження та виховання дітей. Це скоріше укладений союз чоловіка та жінки для задоволення власних духовних, культурних та емоційних інтересів на період їх повного задоволення. The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of marital relations, and an attempt to forecast the further development of this institution. The author conducted a retrospective analysis of marriage as an institution of society using the historical method of cognition. It was established that the primary form of the studied relationship was promiscuity, that is, unregulated chaotic relationships that were based only on instincts. The further development of the institution of marriage directly depended on the economic development of society (polygamy, polyandry) and religious beliefs. It has been established that currently marriage is a fairly researched legal category. Scientists have highlighted the main features: it is a voluntary union of two people. Thus, in the event of the death of one of the members, the marriage automatically ceases to exist.; a mandatory condition of this union is that the persons belong to different sexes; concluding a marriage involves the creation of a family, that is, the birth and joint upbringing of children; no regulatory act provides for the terms for which the marriage is concluded, and therefore this union can be considered indefinite; marriage union is voluntary. No one can be forced into marriage or forced to stay in it; marriage is an equal union of two equal people. Today, the process of transformation of marital relations has not stopped and continues to evolve together with social relations. Now, marriage is not a stable union of a man and a woman, as the final choice for a lifetime to create a family, give birth and raise children. Rather, it is a contracted union of a man and a woman to satisfy their own spiritual, cultural and emotional interests for a period of their complete satisfaction. A similar trend, in our opinion, will continue in the future with the gradual legalization of same-sex marriages. Marriage itself will be a temporary union of two people aimed at achieving common interests and satisfying cultural and emotional needs.