Гуманізація системи покарань в умовах євроінтеграційних процесів

Abstract

У дисертаційній роботі досліджено природу та зміст кримінальновиконавчої системи України, її правове підґрунтя, еволюцію ідеї гуманізації виконання і відбування покарань у вітчизняному та зарубіжному праві. Визначено основні етапи становлення та розвитку кримінально-виконавчої політики держави відносно засуджених, розкрито особливості гуманізації виконання і відбування покарання у вигляді позбавлення волі, розглянуто фактори, які впливають на особистість людини у процесі відбуття кримінального покарання в установах кримінально-виконавчої системи. Теоретично обґрунтовано основні завдання та перспективи впровадження служби пробації в Україні, що спрямована на соціальну переорієнтацію виконання кримінальних покарань з урахуванням міжнародних актів про права людини, принципів законності, гуманізму, демократизму, справедливості диференціації та індивідуалізації виховного впливу. Надано пропозиції щодо удосконалення чинного законодавства у цьому напрямі. Проаналізовано міжнародно-правові акти, які регулюють питання поводження із засудженими, визначено найбільш оптимальні форми та методи оптимізації виконання і відбування покарання з точки зору його гуманізації. Зроблено висновок, що гуманізація виконання і відбування покарання в умовах євроінтеграційних процесів повинна здійснюватися лише на підставі комплексного підходу, одночасного удосконалення правових, соціальнопсихологічних та організаційних аспектів, основні напрями яких відображено в дослідженні.In this dissertation investigated the nature and content of the criminal executive system of Ukraine, its legal basis, the evolution of the idea of humanization of execution and serving of sentences in national and international law. The main stages of formation and development of criminal executive policy of the state towards convicts, the features of humanization of execution and serving of sentences of deprivation of liberty, factors that affect the personality of the person in the process of serving of criminal punishment in the criminal executive system. Theoretically, the main tasks and perspectives of introduction of probation in Ukraine, which is aimed at social re-orientation of enforcement of criminal sanctions taking into account the international instruments on human rights, the principles of legality, humanism, democracy, justice, differentiation and individualization of educational influence. Provided proposals for improving existing legislation in this direction. Analyzed international legal acts, which regulate the issue of treatment of prisoners, defined the most optimal forms and methods for optimization of execution and serving of punishment from the point of view of its humanization. It is concluded that the humanization of execution and serving of punishment in the context of European integration processes must be carried out only on the basis of a comprehensive approach to simultaneously improving the legal, sociopsychological and organizational aspects, the main directions of which are reflected in the study. The international legal acts regulating the treatment of convicted persons are analyzed, the most optimal forms and methods for optimizing the execution and serving of punishment are determined in terms of its humanization. Necessity has been substantiated: to ensure proper control at the national level in compliance with Art. 3 Euroconnections on human rights and other international penitentiary acts; functioning of Ukrainian prisons for such a mechanism, where redeployment and resocialization will supplant the punitive purpose of punishment; introduction of a separate section in the Criminal-Executive Code of Ukraine, which should provide for recruitment, training and requirements for personnel of penitentiary institutions, as well as requirements for their treatment with prisoners in accordance with the norms of international standards. The main goals and perspectives of the implementation of the probation service in Ukraine, aimed at social reorientation of the execution of criminal sentences, taking into account international human rights instruments, the principIn this dissertation investigated the nature and content of the criminal executive system of Ukraine, its legal basis, the evolution of the idea of humanization of execution and serving of sentences in national and international law. The main stages of formation and development of criminal executive policy of the state towards convicts, the features of humanization of execution and serving of sentences of deprivation of liberty, factors that affect the personality of the person in the process of serving of criminal punishment in the criminal executive system. Theoretically, the main tasks and perspectives of introduction of probation in Ukraine, which is aimed at social re-orientation of enforcement of criminal sanctions taking into account the international instruments on human rights, the principles of legality, humanism, democracy, justice, differentiation and individualization of educational influence. Provided proposals for improving existing legislation in this direction. Analyzed international legal acts, which regulate the issue of treatment of prisoners, defined the most optimal forms and methods for optimization of execution and serving of punishment from the point of view of its humanization. It is concluded that the humanization of execution and serving of punishment in the context of European integration processes must be carried out only on the basis of a comprehensive approach to simultaneously improving the legal, sociopsychological and organizational aspects, the main directions of which are reflected in the study. The international legal acts regulating the treatment of convicted persons are analyzed, the most optimal forms and methods for optimizing the execution and serving of punishment are determined in terms of its humanization. Necessity has been substantiated: to ensure proper control at the national level in compliance with Art. 3 Euroconnections on human rights and other international penitentiary acts; functioning of Ukrainian prisons for such a mechanism, where redeployment and resocialization will supplant the punitive purpose of punishment; introduction of a separate section in the Criminal-Executive Code of Ukraine, which should provide for recruitment, training and requirements for personnel of penitentiary institutions, as well as requirements for their treatment with prisoners in accordance with the norms of international standards. The main goals and perspectives of the implementation of the probation service in Ukraine, aimed at social reorientation of the execution of criminal sentences, taking into account international human rights instruments, the principles of legality, humanism, democracy, justice of differentiation and individualization of20 educational influence, are theoretically substantiated. The influence of the use of probation in penitentiary institutions on correction and re-socialization of convicts, reduction of the level of recidivism in Ukraine and in foreign countries is considered. The essence of the concept of «probation» is clarified, questions on the interaction of the probation body with other state bodies and the public are investigated. Proposals on improving the current legislation in this area that can significantly improve the legal status of convicts, improve the situation in places of deprivation of liberty, and create an appropriate legal basis for making appropriate changes to the current legislation. It is theoretically substantiated that the humanization of the execution and serving of punishment in the conditions of European integration processes should be carried out only on the basis of an integrated approach, simultaneous improvement of legal, socio-psychological and organizational aspects, the main directions of which are reflected in the study. The proposals on improving the legal regulation of the penal system in Ukraine in the context of its harmonization with international, all-European and national criminal law are given. The practical significance of the results obtained is the possibility of their use for further research into problematic issues regarding the humanization of the penal system in Ukraine; for further elaboration and solution of theoretical and legal problems of the reform of the criminal-executive system of Ukraine in the context of European integration, as well as in the preparation of appropriate teaching aids, methodological materials (act of introduction of Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs of 01.02.2016); at the teaching of the discipline «Criminal Law», as well as in raising the qualifications of the employees of the criminal-executive system of Ukraine (the act of introduction of the Dnіpropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs of 01.02.2016)