Право на охорону здоров’я в Україні та європейських державах: порівняльно-правові аспекти конституційного регулювання

Abstract

Досліджено положення відповідних норм конституцій України та європейських держав, в яких закріплено право на охорону здоров’я, медичну допомогу та медичне страхування. На підставі порівняльно-правового аналізу зроблено висновок про відповідність положень ст. 49 Конституції України вимогам міжнародних документів із прав людини. The provisions of the relevant norms of the constitutions of Ukraine and European states, which enshrine the right to health care, medical assistance and medical insurance, have been studied. On the basis of the comparative legal analysis, a conclusion was made about the compliance of the provisions of Art. 49 of the Constitution of Ukraine to the requirements of international human rights documents. It has been proven that the right to health care occupies a special place among all the constitutional rights of a person, since a person's health is his inalienable good, without which, to one degree or another, other values lose their meaning, since a sick person is one way or another limited in their physiological and social activity, etc. It is emphasized that the right to health care is an internationally recognized right, which is reflected in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the European Social Charter (revised), as well as in the constitutions of Azerbaijan, Albania, Andorra , Bulgaria, Armenia, Georgia, Estonia, Spain, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Moldova, Monaco, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Hungary, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Montenegro and Switzerland. It was concluded that there is no unity regarding the regulation of the right to health care in the constitutions of European states. In the vast majority of European countries, this right is separated into a separate norm. At the same time, the constitutions of Luxembourg and Turkey state this right as a component of the right to social security and as part of the right to a healthy environment. It was emphasized that the main responsibility of the state in the field of health care is to create conditions for effective and accessible medical care for all citizens, since public health problems require constant attention from the state, and the development of the health care system should be a priority among the main areas of social policy. That is, the state is obliged to provide and create equal opportunities for every person, regardless of the level of his social status, official position or material well-being. At the same time, efficiency involves obtaining the highest possible results of preventive, diagnostic, treatment, and rehabilitation measures, which are ensured by the proper quality of medical care, and accessibility means the absence of any territorial, organizational, financial, and other obstacles in obtaining the necessary care. It was concluded that the provisions of Art. 49 of the Constitution of Ukraine mainly corresponds and is correlated with international documents on human rights, and in comparison with the corresponding norms of the constitutions of European states, the Constitution of Ukraine is the most socially oriented and provides citizens with more guarantees for the exercise of their rights to health care.