Визначення видової приналежності форми правління, форми територіального устрою та форми державно-правового режиму України за основним законом держави і суспільства

Abstract

У статті на основі аналізу конкретних приписів Основного Закону Української держави і суспільства, що закріплюють окремі складові частини конституційної моделі організації та здійснення державної влади (форми держави), визначено видову приналежність таких її складових елементів, як форма правління, форма територіального устрою та форма державно-правового режиму. Аргументовано, що за формою правління сучасна Українська держава є змішаною парламентсько-президентською республікою; за формою територіального устрою – унітарною децентралізованою державою, а за формою державно-правового режиму – соціально-демократичною державою. Based on the analysis of specific provisions of the fundamental law of the Ukrainian state and society, which enshrine individual components of the constitutional model of the organization and exercise of state power (form of the state), the article deals with determination of specific affiliation of such its constituent elements as the form of government, the form of territorial organization and the form of state and legal regime. The author has argued following conclusions indicating the specific affiliation of the constituent elements of the form of the Ukrainian state as follows. De jure and de facto mixed parliamentary-presidential form of government of Ukraine at the current stage of its development, which is confirmed by the following arguments: 1) the functioning of two nationwide representative bodies of public power (the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the President of Ukraine), elected directly by the Ukrainian people as the bearer of sovereignty and the sole source of power; 2) the constituent powers of these bodies to form the Government (Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine), as well as 3) the nature of the power relations of these state institutions, in particular, the responsibility of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine to the President of Ukraine and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, as well as its (the Government’s) control and accountability to the Parliament within the limits provided for by the Fundamental Law of our state; De jure and de facto a unitary decentralized state, which is confirmed by the following arguments: 1) the extension of the sovereignty of the Ukrainian state to its entire territory, as well as the absence of other state-territorial entities that have sovereign rights; 2) the consolidation at the constitutional level of the principle of single citizenship, which is considered by legal science as an important feature of a unitary state; 3) the constitutional consolidation of the idea of recognizing and guaranteeing local self-government in Ukraine, which is a marker of the decentralization of state power; 4) constitutional consolidation of the idea of combining centralization and decentralization in the exercise of state power as one of the principles of the territorial structure of Ukraine; 5) de jure recognition of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea as an integral part of Ukraine, the limits of whose powers (and in fact, sovereign rights) are determined by the Fundamental Law of the Ukrainian State and Society; 6) de jure the presence of the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, although adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, but approved by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine by the law of Ukraine, which is evidence of the limited (if not to say the absence) of the parliament’s autonomy of powers in lawmaking. De jure the social-democratic essence of the modern Ukrainian state, and therefore, methods and tools of exercising state power inherent in its state apparatus, which are reflected in the term “social-democratic state-legal regime”.