Рефлексія онтології метафори в давньогрецькому епосі

Abstract

Розкрито, що у Гомера в давньогрецькому епосі в поетичній формі представлено картину світу як ціле, яке лише умовно можна ділити на частини. Гомерівські побудови, з позиції сьогоднішнього дня, – це феноменологічне осмислення буття, де кожна сутність представлена через свої діяння як явище і наділена власним ім'ям. Конструювання сутності відбувається метафорично – шляхом самопізнання і перенесення значень з вже пізнаного об'єкта на інший. Обґрунтовано, що гомерівські міфологічні побудови в онтологічному контексті наповнені метафорами. Онтологія метафори в епічних побудовах Гомера – перенесення знань про себе на сутності і явища в цілісній системі світобудови.

The article reveals that Homer's ancient Greek epic poem presents the picture of the world as a whole, which only conditionally can be divided into parts. Homer's build from today's perspective, is a phenomenological understanding of being, where each entity is presented through their actions, as a phenomenon and given its name. The design of an entity occurs metaphorically through self-knowledge and the transfer of the values with already known object on the other. It's safe to say that the Greeks tried to understand the universe through self-discovery. This is evidenced by the names of gods of natural phenomena. The essence of the gods as vicious, and virtuous, is the essence of the people themselves. In our view this is the position and should be considered the metaphorical construction of Homer. Describing the essence of man, it carries the components of Poznan on the phenomena of nature – the gods – the elements of the world picture. The dualism presented by Homer in the story of that person as an individual, as a person is not able to overcome fallen on him trials to overcome the fate. His fate determined by the gods. Thus, man is never free. People are defined by Homer as the essence in the whole system of the universe. It's safe to say that the picture of the universe constructed them, based on understanding of the purpose and moral value of human actions, the need for a common morality in society. Interpreting Homer, we say that the gods determined the integrity of the system of the universe and its integral components, the dependence between the whole and its parts in space and in time. Reasonably, that Homer's mythological construction in the ontological context is metaphoric. The ontology of the metaphors in the epic builds of Homer – the transfer of knowledge about yourself on entities and phenomena in the whole system of the universe.