Сучасна парадигма дослідження права на справедливий суд та механізму його забезпечення

Abstract

Визначено сучасну парадигму дослідження права на справедливий суд та механізму його забезпечення. Аргументовано, що сучасну парадигму дослідження права на справедливий суд та механізму його забезпечення складає не якась одна універсальна теорія, а визнані науковим співтовариством положення різних теорій, а саме: прав людини, правовладдя (верховенства права) та правової держави. Відповідні положення є основою для постановки дослідницьких завдань і водночас засобом для їх вирішення. The purpose of the article is to determine the modern paradigm of research on the right to a fair trial and the mechanism of its provision. It is argued that the scientific (theoretical or conceptual) component of the methodology of research on the right to a fair trial and the mechanism of its provision, and in fact, the modern paradigm of research on these phenomena of state and legal reality is not some universal theory, but the following theories recognized by the scientific community at the current stage of development of legal science: 1) human rights, which explain the legal nature of this legal phenomenon, its origin, the diversity of manifestations in legal reality, as well as the purpose of the social and legal mechanism for ensuring human rights; 2) the rule of law (the rule of law), an important component of which in the understanding of the European Court of Human Rights, and therefore, Western European legal doctrine, is the right to appeal to court. The impossibility of access to the court is a marker of the rule not of the rule of law, but of the dictatorship of something else, by its nature (essence) different from law, that is, a social phenomenon devoid of a just principle; 3) a legal state, which as a theoretical concept is an organization of public power based on the principles of the rule of law, the separation of state power, the reality of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person and a citizen, as well as the mutual responsibility of the person and the state. In the context of the issue that is the subject of this study, the essence of the principle of the reality of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person and a citizen is that the right to a fair trial can become a reality only if it is ensured, guaranteed by the state; it is the state through its institutions that must create effective mechanisms for its implementation, protection and defense.