Історико-правові аспекти становлення режиму законності і дисципліни в діяльності поліції України

Abstract

Простежено зміни законодавства та правової практики щодо забезпечення законності і дисципліни в діяльності поліцейських підрозділів на різних історичних етапах. Аналіз напрацювань минулих поколінь дав можливість окреслити чинники, що сприяли ускладненню корупціогенної ситуації в даному правоохоронному відомстві. Виділено причини, які негативно впливають на стан дотримання законності в діяльності патрульної поліції. Виділено чотири періоди розвитку законодавства України у сфері підтримання режиму законності в діяльності патрульної поліції, кожен з яких піддано детальному науковому аналізу.

The article traces the changes in legislation and legal practice to ensure the legality and discipline of police units at various historical stages. The analysis of the past generations has made it possible to outline the factors contributing to the complication of the corruption situation in this law enforcement agency. The reasons, which adversely affect the state of observance of legality in the activity of the patrol police, are highlighted. The study showed that legality and discipline have always been guiding principles for policing. However, having a long history of the formation and development of the activities of the police (police) did not always meet the international standards of human and civil rights, which depended on many political, economic, social and other factors, which together give the opportunity to distinguish several conditional periods, in particular: 1 ) the first period ("the initial" - from the birth of the first administrative-police structures of Kievan Rus to the beginning of the XIX century. At the initial stage of state creation of law and discipline in the law-enforcement system not It was enough attention, although being part of the Russian Empire, the Ukrainian lands were under the influence of the tsarist, who had taken certain measures to influence the officials, in order to reduce bureaucratic delusions and corruption. By the law of the beginning of the XIX century, for the violation of their official duties and the commission of unlawful acts, it was anticipated Legal responsibility: prior to this period, the first attempts to strengthen the service discipline by increasing the professional training of the police); 2) the second period (the beginning of the XIX century - until 1917 (1918).); 3) the third period ("Soviet power" - from 1917 until Ukraine became independent in 1991); 4) the fourth period ("modern" - from the beginning of the existence of independent Ukraine (1991) till now), which is conditionally divided into two stages: a) from 1991 to 2015 - the time of the existence of the Ukrainian militia; b) from 2015 until now - due to the creation of the National Police as a fundamentally new lawenforcement structure of the European model. With the advent of Ukraine's independence, solving the problem of ensuring the rule of law and discipline in the activities of police units has not lost its relevance, but on the contrary demanded the continuation of taking decisive action. Having a pronounced public character, the activities of the Ukrainian police are generally identified with the actions of the state authorities, assessing the compliance of these acts with the law, citizens determine how much the state ensures their rights and freedoms.