Категоріально-теоретичний вимір національної безпеки України

Abstract

На основі аналізу наукових доробок вчених та спеціальних досліджень, здійснено спробу розв’язання проблематики національної безпеки через зʼясування теоретичних засад, відповідних категорій та особливостей їх формування на основі цілісного уявлення про базові цінності і законні інтереси, джерела духовного та матеріального розвитку, а також їх захист від можливих реальних і потенційних, внутрішніх та зовнішніх загроз. Проведений аналіз дозволив визначити національну безпеку як систему політичних і правових цінностей, яку утворюють конституційні права, свободи, гідні якість і рівень життя громадян, політична і соціальна стабільність суспільства, а також територіальна цілісність, оборона і сталий розвиток держави.

In the article, based on the analysis of scientific achievements of scientists and special investigations, an attempt was made to solve the problems of national security through the elucidation of the theoretical foundations, the corresponding categories and the peculiarities of their formation on the basis of a holistic view of the basic values and legitimate interests, sources of spiritual and material development, as well their protection against possible real and potential, internal and external threats. The presence of a large number of approaches to understanding the concept of national security has made it possible to state that it is a whole range of political, economic, social, health, military and legal measures that are aimed at ensuring the normal functioning of the nation and eliminating possible threats to the state. There are three approaches to the clarification of the essence, content and features of national security. In particular, the normative-legal approach involves finding out the features of this phenomenon through the prism of normative-legal content. The second approach is doctrinal, built on the study of scientific publications. Finally, the third approach is an encyclopedia that defines approaches to refining the concepts of "security" contained in encyclopaedic literature and dictionaries. In the broad sense, national security is proposed to be understood as a means of self-preservation of the Ukrainian people, which has reached the level of an organization in the form of an independent state. This method allows its free existence and self-development, reliable protection against internal and external threats. National security of Ukraine can be defined as a system of state-legal and public guarantees of the stability of life and development of the Ukrainian people in general and of any citizen in particular, the protection of their values and legitimate interests and material development from possible real and potential, internal and external threats. It is proposed to consider national security as a set of interconnected elements that are heterogeneous in functional areas, since it is not an amorphous "state of security", but, above all, a set of fundamental constitutional norms and mechanisms for their implementation. That is, national security is defined as the system of political and legal values constituted by constitutional rights, freedoms, decent quality and standard of living of citizens, political and social stability of society, as well as territorial integrity, defense and sustainable development of the state, in defense of which the efforts of the authorities should be directed government, local self-government and civil society institutions.